“Include” does the job, but the right alternative does more. Here are 6 curated replacements, each with a definition, pronunciation, and an example of it working on the page.
To surround or contain something completely within a broader scope.
“The new curriculum encompasses everything from ancient philosophy to modern coding.”
Best for: Works well in formal writing when emphasizing broad coverage or scope.
To take something in and make it part of a unified whole.
“The architect incorporated salvaged wood beams into the modern design.”
Best for: Strong in professional or technical contexts where integration is the emphasis.
To give concrete or tangible form to something abstract or implied.
“The festival embodies the city's love of noise, color, and strangers.”
Best for: Best when the inclusion feels expressive or representative rather than merely additive.
To absorb something into a larger category or framework without losing its essence.
“The grand theory subsumed every competing model that came before it.”
Best for: Ideal in academic or analytical writing where hierarchy and absorption matter.
To place something within a structure as though preserving it with reverence.
“The final draft enshrined every hard-won compromise the team had fought for.”
Best for: Use when inclusion carries weight, permanence, or emotional significance.
To count or factor something into a calculation or consideration.
“Don't forget to reckon in the cost of delays when you plan the budget.”
Best for: Punchy and grounded; suits spoken language, journalism, or no-nonsense prose.
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